All other rules being equal, the 8-deck game would have a house advantage that’s 0. Single Deck Blackjack games and basic strategies. There are some good double-deck blackjack games with a very low house edge against a basic strategy player (as low as 0. i. And unfortunately, many casinos have implemented single-deck games with the 6-5 blackjack payoffs. With 14 cards played, the deck has a total of 38 cards. While an 8 deck game will have a higher house edge than a single-deck game, you won’t have the same options. This is a strategy that tells you the mathematically best decision to take in any situation and when properly followed, it means that Atlantic City Blackjack has a. 13% and 0. So, the table gives you a very good idea of how to act in certain situations. That means for every $100 you wager, you can expect to win back $99. This Card Games item by AuroraPokerGear has 3 favorites from Etsy shoppers. reKO (ridiculously easy KO) is a substantially simplified version. This Single Deck Blackjack basic strategy will help knock out some little percentages from the house edge. Card Counting Potential. Step 2: Start with a "Running Count" of zero at the start of the deck/shoe. Blackjack pays 6-5: Common on single-deck games on the Las Vegas Strip, this game is a bankroll breaker for players. A player following a solid strategy can reduce the edge even further, many experts say to as low as 0. The house edge in blackjack increases for every deck of cards you add into play. This applies to both live dealer blackjack and regular. Factor in the following changes: Double 11 vs. Additionally, the dealer receives two cards,. That means for every $100 you wager, you can expect to win back $99. The epitome of classic Blackjack gameplay, single-deck Blackjack provides a level of simplicity that can be a breath of fresh air for those tired of the whistles and bells of multi-deck games. As a rule of thumb, a 6 deck game will have a higher house edge than a 2 deck game if all other conditions are equal. A hand that totals 21 after splitting is considered 21, not blackjack. Therefore, we created a Blackjack Cheat Sheet PDF with the Basic Strategy Chart for single-deck blackjack. A single deck game is advantageous to the player assuming all other rules are the same, although they rarely are. The following strategy charts are designed for single deck blackjack. 15%. To build your endurance, begin by counting down two decks shuffled together (don’t forget to remove 3 cards to check your accuracy). Split A’s and 8’s. Different casino’s will allow you to bet between differing amounts. If you are playing the game with one deck only, you should refer to this one. Single-deck basic strategy, S17. Double-deck blackjack – less risky than multi-deck but requires you to adjust your bets faster. disadvantage over a single deck game with the same rules. It is covered well in Ken Uston’s blackjack books. Basic Strategy Variations. All other rules being equal, the 8-deck game would have a house advantage that’s 0. The house edge is ridiculously high at these tables, or 1. 2% lower probability of getting 10s in a 6-deck version. You’re playing in a single deck blackjack game. The following rules apply in a single-deck blackjack strategy: The dealer shuffles a 52-card deck once at the beginning of the game. 87 in the long run. Means you either miscounted a 789 into one of your "High value" numbers, or that you forgot to count 2 of (23456) cards. 69%. Player can only split a hand once. Single Deck versus Multi-deck: All else being equal, the house edge on Blackjack gets higher for every deck you add to the game. 8% lower than the single deck game. Assign a value to the cards. For example, assume the first player card is any 10-value card. The most important blackjack rule is simple: beat the dealer’s hand without going over 21. 1. Be sure to NOT play if blackjack pays less then 3 to 2, which is usually the case with single-deck games. Most of the cards that are counted will be worth +1, which will create the unbalance. Conclusion. Ultimately, there’s a lower house edge in multideck. 8%. The basic rules of the game are as follows. The composition-dependent strategy is a slight deviation, which works best in blackjack single deck odds since it makes the biggest impact on each hand. For Single Deck Blackjack with a dealer hitting on soft 17, the house edge is lower than in Double Deck Blackjack with the dealer standing on soft 17. 14%). Use this information to calculate the count per deck. Under the 'adjust rules' menu you may select the rules of the game,. When this happens, the player would raise their bets. A single standard deck of 52 cards are shuffled before each hand. 39702%, if we compare that to single-deck with the exact same set of rules, the single deck game would have a House Edge of 0. When you’re dealt a blackjack 21, it’s customary to pay out 3:2 or 2:1. If a casino offers blackjack with a smaller number of decks and fewer disadvantageous rule changes, then the house edge should be significantly lower than at other casinos. Split up to two hands vs. House edge is based on probability and is calculated over thousands of hands. Very similar to the game of blackjack above with the following exceptions. The Wizard of Odds Blackjack Strategy Cards Professional blackjack players know that there are vastly different strategies for single deck, two deck, and multi deck blackjack. The house will keep your buck and a half with a nice smile. 87% using basic strategy (even higher using complete strategy with exceptions). Today, we discuss Blackjack Cards Dealt Face Down, and how to count cards in Blackjack for Single & Double Deck games. If you can find a place to play one deck blackjack, I will teach you the rules and strategies which you can implement to give yourself the best chance at winning and reduce the house edge to as low as 0. A gentleman knows the value of refinement, and the Blackjack strategy card is the epitome of this in the gaming realm. Appendix 3c :Composition dependent exceptions to single deck basic strategy where the dealer hits a soft 17. The probability of a card being an ace is 4/52, or 1/13. 6% 1) According to Peter Griffin’s Theory of Blackjack, the player’s basic strategy expectations in a standard Las Vegas Strip rule game are as follows: 1 deck = +. . g. The basic strategy is adjusted based on the variant in order to produce the best results. Because the number of cards in a shoe is important, the perfect blackjack strategy is adjusted depending on the number of decks. The rules of the single deck variant are. Choose Blackjack with the Best Odds. By applying basic strategy, you can reduce the house edge to 0. The web page explains the basic terms, rules and. With this, ‘ Control Game ,’ the House Edge with Basic Strategy is 0. The fully responsive simulator can be accessed from a desktop or most modern mobile devices, which effectively means – if you have an internet connection – you’ll be able to learn anywhere. Basic Blackjack Strategy Guide. This card is easy to use and durable, and it can help you reduce the house edge and win more at blackjack. com Learn how to play blackjack well with perfect blackjack strategy, a set of rules that minimizes the casino's advantage. Vegas Single Deck Blackjack is a variation developed by Microgaming. Counting cards is most effective with fewer decks in the shoe. Single-deck Blackjack. They know the basic blackjack card counting strategy perfectly, so as not to give any edge back to. An 8-deck game paying the full 3:2 on blackjack is far better than a single deck blackjack game paying only 6:5. As you can probably guess, this version of blackjack is played with a single deck, or 52 cards, making it easier for players to remember the cards that came out and the ones that are left. In reaction, they started introducing multiple decks. Here is an example blackjack strategy card for a multi deck game where the casino rules state that the dealer must hit soft 17. The following lists will show exactly how to play your cards immediately after. Wonging (backcounting), where the counter participates in a game only when the count is favorable;The house edge on Royal Match varies between 5. Standing on a hand that is 21 or lower, while the dealer goes over 21. Dealer peeks for blackjack. Double at -1. For example, his playing budget is $100. If you have a 12-point hand and the dealer’s up-card is a five, you should hit if the true count is 0 or lower in single deck blackjack games. Use these single deck blackjack strategy cards at the casinos where this game is available. A single standard deck of 52 cards are shuffled before each hand. $10 minimum. Split 6’s vs dealer’s 3-6. This is because we know exactly how many cards are in the deck and we know which cards have already been dealt. Blackjack Burnout. An 8-deck game using the exact same rules has. Hard Hand – When playing blackjack, players will hear the term Hard Hand. ) lie mainly in splitting pairs and, since pairs are the. The Six Card Charlie Blackjack rule refers to a hand that contains six cards without busting. The Dealer Hits on Soft 17 They can use a single deck or up to 8 decks. Before you begin using these charts, make sure that you are playing in a single deck game. The spotter and big player strategy is a very well-known and successful card-counting tactic. Card counting is a statistical method to get an advantage over the casino while sitting at a blackjack table. The Double Deck blackjack basic strategy uses two decks of 52 cards each. : 5 Card counting works best when a few cards remain. 46%: House edge of 0. How to Read the Blackjack Strategy Chart in 2 Simple Steps. There are three important difference for players to be aware of, it is played with eight decks of cards (Vegas Blackjack uses four), the dealer is required to stand on soft 17, and the game allows for the surrendering of hands. Single-Deck Card Counting. 92% probability. Cards 8, A: 0 Value. When halfway through a deck, if your value is high, there are more 10’s, face card, and aces remaining than low cards. Otherwise, focus on playing basic strategy and card counting. Each 3. Just remember that many casinos — both online and traditional — frown upon card counting, so it could get you banned from future games. . Dealer’s Up-CardBlackjack Bust Cards. 83% with two decks, 1. You can’t split and then double either – you must make your decision before splitting the cards. game not only builds on what the first had to offer but now it also trains you to count cards in over 10 different blackjack card counting systems! Play Trainer. In this guide, we will teach you the best blackjack single deck strategies. There 6 one-deck tables and they all pay 6 to 5 for a Blackjack, which makes the house edge. Step 2: Counting Cards. Just like other blackjack variations, the main objective of single-deck blackjack is to hit 21 or get as close to it as you can without. The Wizard of Odds Blackjack Strategy Cards by Aurora Poker Gear! ITEM: . Blackjack Challenge. Soft Hand – With a Soft Hand, the Ace can be 1 or 11 and players. 5–1% when players use basic strategy. Step 3 – Calculate the True Count. The most important blackjack rule is simple: beat the dealer’s hand without going over 21. You have to use the best strategy to start with the lowest house edge possible. six-deck shoe. 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrender; 7: Effect of card removal; 8: Analysis of blackjack side bets; 9: Composition-dependent expected. Remember that probabilities and odds are not the. However, you can further improve your blackjack strategy single deck. Unlike any other game in the casino, when playing blackjack your decisions can have an outcome on how the hand plays out and thus can contribute to the wins or losses of the players at the table. The Blackjack Basic Strategy Engine above provides a simple way to memorize a variety of different profitable decisions, such as when to split, double, surrender, hit, or stand. 8%), but insurance is a wrong move, so this should not be a concern. The dealer hits a soft 17 for the following double-deck games. Single-deck Blackjack is also offered at MGM, and here the betting starts at $15, whereas the maximum amount is $5,000. Aces may be counted as 1 or 11 points, 2 to 9 according to pip value, and tens and face cards count as ten points. D = Double if allowed, otherwise Stand; S = Stand; Soft 19 Strategy – Single-Deck Blackjack, S-17 or H-17. 5 & 6, otherwise hit. . Single Deck Blackjack Double Deck Blackjack 4-8 Deck Blackjack; 52 cards used: 104 cards used: 208 to 416 cards used: House edge of 0. 4 percent edge to the house--more than the usual house edge against the basic strategy of seasoned players in nearly all games. 30 HIGH ROLLER. Blackjack Appendix 9 — Six deck, dealer stands on soft 17, no hole card. Many casinos started adding more decks to get in the way of card counters’ strategy, and some even stopped offering this game. 50 you once received. 1. You would then multiply 4 x 4 to get 16 and divide it by 3 (a little over 5). In this, card 5 is counted as +1. The player edge in single-deck blackjack on my site is based on otherwise multiple deck rules, which rarely exist in single deck. The Vegas Single Deck Blackjack Online Game Overview. If you are not able. Number cards 2, 3, 4, and especially 5 and 6 alternately go by the name 'bust cards' because players usually go over 21 when they hit for a third or fourth card with these in their hands. ”. So if you’re looking for a 4-deck blackjack chart, 6-deck blackjack. Paired 20 - The two initial cards are of the same rank and total 20 (e. You can resize the documents based on your. 9%) because there are fewer 10s. As cards are revealed, keep adding or subtracting from the Running Count, according to the point system in step 1. 19% respectively). This overall strategy will give you a more precise advantage on the actual count. 4. 53% to the house edgeCards are re-shuffled after each round. Interestingly enough, the house edge in single-deck blackjack is slightly higher than in multi-deck ones (5. The most basic card counting system assigns point totals to each card that comes out of the deck. Based on the odds, there are only a few hands you should play differently with a single deck blackjack strategy. The following strategy charts are designed for single deck blackjack. Here you will discover that you don’t have to be a genius to keep track of all the cards in a six-deck shoe; you just have to know a few card-counter secrets. 15%. In addition, adjustments have to be made for whether the dealer hits or stands on a soft 17--that is any 17 that includes an ace--as well as whether or not the. Single Deck. an ace. Enjoy the video. See full list on betandbeat. Of course, these small edges also make it disliked by casinos. 19% respectively). SP (Split): Turn your initial pair into two hands, double your initial bet, receive two more cards (dealt from the right). These rules. The following are the rules for playing Single Deck Blackjack: Only one deck of cards is used. 23 Nov 2023 Practice blackjack with our free blackjack trainer and learn optimal blackjack strategy! Menu. Dealer's Face-up Card. The player gets an advantage when more high cards are available at the deck. 69%) a card will be of any value, and this is equal for every value. Single deck games, in particular, attract disadvantageous blackjack rules. High-Low Point Values. For all practical purposes, an even gamble, but still the slightest bit in favour of the player. The winning amount is paid out immediately. The reKO Blackjack Strategy (99. With a single deck, double down against a two. As a result, there is something called Perfect Blackjack Strategy. Originally designed for Single Deck Blackjack games, the Hi-Lo Strategy may encounter challenges when applied to the broader context of regular online Blackjack, which often involves six or eight. These flashcards will make it easier for you to learn the blackjack strategy card for when you're playing on a single deck, when the dealer hits on soft 17 and there's no surrender. When Playing Double-Deck and Multiple-Deck Blackjack. On the first round of hands, you see the value of 14 cards. The rules of the single deck variant are the same as those of multi-deck versions with the only difference being that 52 cards are used. To build your endurance, begin by counting down two decks shuffled together (don’t forget to remove 3 cards to check your accuracy). 45%. This conversion would not be necessary if one plays against a single deck of cards as the running count gives you an accurate. 21 Card Game Explained. Also, some variants are dealt with one deck (see single deck blackjack strategy) while others use multiple decks. #3 Tip – Find the Best Table Rules. Almost all single and double deck Blac. 46% to 0. For example a single-deck S17 game with NDAS and doubling on any 2 cards has a house edge of just 0. ”. dealer’s 6. Their primary purpose is to help you predict the dealer’s. To maximize your potential winnings, following a basic strategy explicitly tailored for single deck blackjack is essential. Single deck blackjack can be a great game if you’re getting the full 3:2 payment on your blackjacks. 2. The basic strategy for hitting in Blackjack is to take another card if your hand is valued at 8 or less, or if your hand is valued at 12-16 and the dealer’s up card is 7 or higher. Memorize it and apply it when playing the game. If you get 21 points exactly on the deal, that is called a “blackjack. Casinos that offer single-deck Blackjack games are very aware that it can easily be beaten by a counter who uses a big bet spread, so trying to play the game with a 1-12 spread like I recommend for 6-deck games will likely get you a one-way ticket out of the casino, pronto. The Hi-Lo system is the most popular and prominent card counting system that is also easy to learn and widely practiced by blackjack players in casinos. Odds for initial hands. Aces can be split and the player gets only one card to each Ace. Single deck blackjack commences with the dealer shuffling the deck and dealing two face-up cards to each player. com. Counting Cards Can Be Broken Into 4 Steps: Step 1. ) A. Now that you know the value of the cards it’s time to count them. 16. Single-Deck Blackjack. Free Blackjack Game Rules. Lesson 18 : Advanced Single-Deck Blackjack - Part 1; Lesson 19 : Advanced Single-Deck Blackjack - Part 2; Lesson 20 : A Field Trip with the GameMaster;. The game features a dealer and multiple players, all of whom receive cards at the beginning of each round. The game’s object is to create a hand with a value equal to or closer to 201 than the. 03%. 22%. Using the ordinary total-depenendent basic strategy the player advantage under the Boss Media rules is 0. This is the test for card counting accuracy. Learn how to play blackjack like a pro with this handy chart that shows you the optimal strategy for any situation. There are 16 cards worth 10 points in a blackjack deck — four each of 10s, jacks, queens, and kings. 0483 or 4. Best of all, single. For the uninitiated, basic strategy is a set of mathematically correct playing decisions based on the dealer’s exposed card and the player’s starting two-card hand. In both places the A stands for ace. Card counting is not the same as memorizing the deck. The player can split a hand up to three times. Blackjack strategy cards to use in single deck games. This is due simply to the effects of removal. Some might offer less favorable payouts like 6-to-5. However, you can further improve your blackjack strategy single deck. 19% with basic strategy. And unfortunately, quality single-deck blackjack with 3:2 natural payouts are a rarity today. If you don’t hit Blackjack, your card total must exceed the dealer’s to win. Double after split allowed. 11%, and under the Microgaming rules the house edge is 0. The following lists will show exactly how to play your cards immediately after a shuffle in a single deck game where the dealer hits a soft 17. Possible hand values lie on the vertical axis while the dealer’s upcard is on the horizontal axis. Note that the house edge with insurance bets is higher (5. The key at the bottom explains in full. , [2, 5]). Single Deck Blackjack Strategy Single Deck games are the Eldorado of Blackjack. Pursuit Strategy. You can calculate this number by subtracting 1 (any card) from 52 (the total number of cards). Blackjack is an exciting card game in which card-counting techniques are applicable. Another “arrow in your quiver. If you are not able to re-split a hand treat it as a hard total hand and follow the strategy for that hand as per the tables below. That means if you get a blackjack on a $50 bet you’re going to be paid $60 rather than the traditional $75. Double down on a hard total of 10 or 11 if the dealer’s upcard is less than your total. The key to evaluating good single-deck play is how many cards you’ll see before a shuffle. This hand value can either help or go. A simple move can as well make or mar your final hand. It is shuffled before the beginning of each gaming session. Read our basic single-deck blackjack strategy to know when to hit or stand, and use the single-deck blackjack strategy chart to get more winning odds when you play online! Click the required blackjack strategy cards below to open in another, small window or click the “print all” link to open a pdf file that you can print for all the cards. Basic strategy advises players to stand whenever the dealer’s upcard is a 2, a 7 or an 8. 5″ by 5″ tri-fold card contains four charts of the most scientifically advanced blackjack strategies available to the traditional player. The dealer must hit on soft 17 (a 17 with an 11-point Ace). Splitting pairs can increase the player’s chances of winning and the overall money the player. Downtown Las Vegas 3:2 blackjack games Single deck games. Surprisingly though, in CSM blackjack, the more decks used, the better it is for the player because the odds in his favor improve. As long as the count remains above -1, you’ll double; once it goes lower than -1, you’ll just hit — then hopefully leave the table if the count doesn’t improve. 96% with four, and so on. The probability of getting a natural blackjack (an ace and a ten-value card) is approximately 4. Counting cards in blackjack in four steps Step 1: give every card in the deck a value. The only differences to playing 6 deck blackjack versus single deck, double deck, or 8 deck blackjack is the effect the 6 decks has on the house edge and the basic strategy chart you use to play. Single-deck Blackjack offers the best odds of any online casino game in the US. Cards 10, J, Q, K: -2 Points. 5GB KENO. 15% compared to multi-deck blackjack games that have a house edge between 0. Single deck blackjack rules are usually tight. We are proud to present our second online blackjack trainer with the added ability to assist in learning the art of card counting, this is our first. Four decks – house edge of +0. 9%) because there are fewer 10s. Otherwise, stand. Here are a couple of rules to follow regarding basic strategy for single-deck blackjack: Do not opt for the insurance bet as it raises the house edge to a high 5. Hard nine vs. Playing blackjack using a single deck with 52 cards places the odds of being dealt blackjack (21) at 32/663 or 4. Here are the biggest differences, and what to do to make your single deck blackjack strategy a winner: Fewer decks mean fewer Aces. But over time, casinos have wised up to card counters. Using proper blackjack strategy to reduce the house edge is no problem online. An 8-deck game using the exact same rules has. The initial running count will start with zero and players will then add or subtract a value based on what cards are in play. Eight decks – starting count is -16. We usually see this situation in the so-called "pitch games", which are mostly hand-held single or double-deck blackjack. There are 416 cards in the game that you must account for in eight-deck blackjack. In both cases an A stands for ace. Blackjack Appendix 9 — Five decks, dealer hits on soft 17, no hole card. . However, if the dealer hits on soft-17, you should make the following adjustments to your strategy: Double down on soft 11 if dealer up-card is Ace. Egyptian Ratscrew is a fast-paced, exciting game that tests your reaction speed and focus. You can split a blackjack hand up to three times. 5% to the house edge; 5 decks will add 0. Suited 20 - The player's initial card can be of any value of the same suit, totaling 20 (e. 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrender; 7: Effect of card removal; 8: Analysis of blackjack side bets; 9: Composition-dependent expected. Similarly, as single-deck blackjack, if you’re considering a double-deck game, you’ll need to estimate how many cards are drawn before the dealer reshuffles. Appendix 5 :Infinite deck expected return according to player hand and dealer up card. Because the number of cards in a shoe is important, the perfect blackjack strategy is adjusted depending on the number of decks. Single Deck. Having a hand value equal to 21 from the first two. 8 decks raise the. We mentioned that the house edge for blackjack in at around 2%, but with the basic blackjack strategy, you can take it down to 0. A single-deck countdown is your “speed bag”; try to get through it as quickly as possible while maintaining your accuracy. 2. Card counting is an advanced technique that enables blackjack players to identify the instances when the odds shift in their favor. Ships from Bakersfield, CA. Using the tables, find your hand total on the left, and the dealer’s up card along the top. 3a: Exceptions to single-deck S17 basic strategy; 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrender; 7: Effect of card removal; 8: Analysis of. It may be technically possible on live dealer, but even then they make it incredibly difficult with minimal penetration. The increased number of 10s and face cards in multiple decks means it’s easier to double down, which is a pretty big advantage. Step 2. So the two-deck game without a shuffler would be much better. All other cards are worth face value and Jack, Queen and King are worth 10. We run through 6 shoes in this blackjack session. Single Deck Blackjack is played with one deck that’s shuffled after each round. Single Deck Blackjack Strategy Single Deck games are the Eldorado of Blackjack. The dealer has a higher chance of busting when showing a small card (2 through 6), and a lower chance of busting with a strong card (7 through Ace). You. For example, his playing budget is $100. For example, if you have hard 11, and the dealer’s up card is a 5, the tables show a D – meaning you. Control any change in tactics and bets based on proving you are not counting cards (even if you are). Most blackjack strategy cards here are easy to follow, thanks to the single deck. With this lesson, I’m going to unwrap the veil of mystery which seems to surround the concept of card counting. Single Deck Blackjack Rules. Lesson 3 – Counting Cards, The Basics. If you have a 12-point hand and the dealer’s up-card is a five, you should hit if the true count is 0 or lower in single deck blackjack games. If the third card is 8, the running count remains a “plus 2,” as the tag for 8 is 0. A single-deck game. If you haven’t had the chance to try it yet, now is the time. (or higher. High-Low Point Values. Hi-Lo. For instance, Single Deck Blackjack may have a house edge of. 8% lower than the single deck game. The value of a hand is the sum of the point values of the individual cards. Card Counting. The Blackjack trainer will develop your playing acumen, and enable you to optimise your. The dealer takes cards once the player has their chance or turn. 4. You’re playing blackjack from a single deck. Double-Deck Blackjack Strategy Tips. Single-deck blackjack has a low edge, great casino odds, and favourable rules that allow you to count cards and win big. With Single Deck Blackjack, you get: One deck-shoe vs. Playing double deck strategy in a 6 deck game costs 0. Try your best to avoid 6:5, or even worse, blackjack that offers even odds. Online Casino Games Blackjack Single Deck Last Updated on December 12, 2022 by Chief Editor Jayson Peter Fact checked by Sadonna Price Single Deck. (Opposite if you’re left. Double soft 18 vs. Learn single-deck and multideck strategies and become unbeatable today. Card counting can give the player an edge of up to about 2%. Details Directions. 3b: Exceptions to double-deck S17 basic strategy; 3c: Exceptions to single-deck H17 basic strategy; 4: Blackjack standard deviation details; 5: Infinite deck expected return by player hand and dealer upcard; 6: Fine points of when to surrender; 7: Effect of card removal; 8: Analysis of blackjack side bets; 9: Composition-dependent expected.